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Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a serious oral health issue that affects the gums and the bone that supports the teeth. It is caused by the buildup of plaque and tartar on the teeth, which leads to inflammation and infection of the gums. If left untreated, gum disease can lead to tooth loss and other serious health problems.
The early stage of gum disease is called gingivitis, which is characterized by red, swollen, and bleeding gums. The gums may also be sensitive to the touch, and bad breath may be present. In this stage, the disease is reversible with proper oral hygiene and professional dental cleanings.
The advanced stage of gum disease is called periodontitis, which occurs when gingivitis is not treated. In this stage, the gums begin to pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that can become infected. The infection can damage the bone and connective tissue that hold the teeth in place, leading to loose teeth or even tooth loss.
Risk factors for gum disease include poor oral hygiene, smoking or using tobacco products, genetics, hormonal changes, certain medical conditions, and certain medications.
Treatment for gum disease depends on the stage of the disease and the extent of the damage. In the early stages of gingivitis, a professional cleaning and improved oral hygiene can reverse the damage. In advanced stages, more aggressive treatment such as scaling and root planing, or periodontal surgery may be needed.
Prevention of gum disease is crucial and can be achieved by practicing good oral hygiene, regular dental check-ups, quitting smoking or using tobacco products, and managing any underlying health conditions.
Overall, gum disease is a serious oral health issue that can lead to tooth loss and other serious health problems if left untreated. It is important to be aware of the symptoms and risk factors, and to seek treatment as soon as possible to prevent progression of the disease. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices are essential to maintaining healthy gums and teeth.
